Let’s take 10.0.0.0/8 as an example. The address 10.0.0.0/8 comprises of two parts IP address (10.0.0.0) the global addressing scheme used under Internet Protocol Subnet or IP block (/8) divide the IP addresses into small blocks/ranges.
2021-04-01
Introduction Circuit Switching „Circuit“ Logical circuit with reserved resources for data transmission no physical cable! No meta data (header, appendix) required during data exchange No buffer overflows in intermediate systems! But: possibly bad resource utilization Use case: telephone network ISDN ISDN summary
2021-03-24
TCP Extensions TCP Options: Basics TCP Header TCP Options 🎯 Goal: Flexibility for new developments TCP header field Each option is coded in TLV format (Type-Length-Value) Has variable but limited length number of options is limited (max.
2021-03-19
Summary of fat tree Introduction Data Center Typiically has Large number of compute servers with virtual machine support Extensive storage facilities Typically uses Off-the-shelf commodity hardware devices Huge amount of servers Switches with small buffers Commodity protocols: TCP/IP, Ethernet Should be Extensible without massive reorganization Reliable Requires adequate redundancy Highly performant Data Center Network Interconnects data center servers and storage components with each other Connects data center to the Internet Two types of traffic Between external clients and internal servers Between internal servers Border routers: Connect internal network of the data center to the public Internet Commodity protocols TCP/IP Ethernet Simplified Sketch Top-of-Rack (ToR) Ethernet switches
2021-03-19
Aloha, Slotted Aloha Aloha First MAC protocol for packet-based wireless networks Media access control (MAC) Time multiplex, variable, random access NO previous sensing of medium and no announcement of intended transmission Asynchronous access 🔴 Problem: Collision possible
2021-03-18
CSMA/CD CSMA/CD = Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection Media access control method used in early Ethernet technology Carrier Sense Multiple Access Carrier: transmission medium that carries data, e.g.
2021-03-15
TCP = Transmisson Control Protocol How TCP starts and closes session? Three stages of TCP Session starting Data transmission Session ending This three stages make TCP a connect-oriented and reliable protocol.
2021-03-15
TCP congestion control summary Focus on congestion control in the context of the Internet and its transport protocol TCP implicit window-based congestion control unless explicitly stated differently Basics Shared (Network) Resources General problem: Multiple users use same resource E.
2021-03-14
Network Functions Middleboxes and Network Functions Middlebox Device on the data path between a source and destination end system Performs functions other than normal, standard functions of an IP route Network function
2021-03-14
Abstract view on an IP router  Control Plane Determines/controls how data packets are forwarded — meaning how data is sent from one place to another. Responsible for
2021-03-12